Energy, Metabolism and Cells Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Energy, Metabolism and Cells - Essay Example Furthermore, there are four ways by which enzyme activity is regulated by the cell. Photosynthesis and Aerobic Respiration Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are two intracellular processes that work hand in hand in order to bring about the chemical transformation of sunlight into usable energy, in the form of ATP (â€Å"Photosynthesis and Respiration,† 1999). Basically, photosynthesis is the process through which plants convert sunlight to glucose, with the chemical equation: 6H2O + 6CO2 ? C6H12O6 + 6O2. ATP for use by the plant itself is also produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis (Carter, 1996). However, since the main product of the photosynthetic process – glucose or sugar, C6H12O6 – needs further conversion into a form considered usable by the plant and animal body, this conversion is made possible by the process that complements photosynthesis: aerobic respiration (Farabee, 2007). Through aerobic respiration, ATP is produced from glucose. Th e chemical equation for aerobic respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 ? 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP (Burkett, 2005). This means that in the process, 36 units of ATP or energy is produced. In short, plants produce glucose through photosynthesis, and this glucose is consumed and utilized by the plant and animal to produce ATP through aerobic respiration. Photosynthesis itself is a complex process made up of the light and dark reactions. The Light Dependent Process, or Light Reactions, uses the direct energy of sunlight to produce energy carrier molecules – ATP and NADPH – needed in the second process, the Light Independent Process, or Dark Reactions, where glucose, or C6H12O6, are produced (Farabee, 2007). The Light Reactions in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts, the require sunlight to strike the chlorophyll and carotene molecules in the leaves of plants in order to trigger a series of reactions that will eventually produce ATP and NADPH (Farabee, 2007). In the Light Reactions , the hydrogen atoms of water, H2O, are also removed for use in reducing NADP+ to NADPH (Kimball, â€Å"The Thylakoid,† 2011). In the ensuing Dark Reactions or Calvin Cycle, which occur in the stroma, carbon dioxide is captured and combines with RuBP, a 5-carbon chemical, to finally produce a 6-carbon glucose, C6H12O6 (Farabee, 2007). Now, in order for this glucose to be usable, it must be consumed by the plant itself or the animal but it must first be used to produce ATP through aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration is a three-stage process where ATP is produced during each stage. Glycolysis, the first of the three stages, occurs in the cytoplasm and involves a 10-step process that ends up with the breakdown of glucose, C6H12O6, into two pyruvic acid molecules, C3H4O3, and in the process produces a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH (Gregory, 2011). Each of the two pyruvic acid molecules now goes to the matrix of the mitochondrion for an intermediate process known as pyruvate oxidat ion or oxidative phosphorylation, and produces CO2 and an acetyl group. The acetyl group then combines with CoA to form Acetyl CoA, and producing 2 NADH in the process. In fact, there are actually two Acetyl CoA molecules at the beginning of the next stage, the Krebs Cycle, so there are two Krebs Cycles from one Glycolysis process (Burkett, 2005). The Krebs Cycle, which occurs in the matrix of the

Policy issues - Geographic Information :: science

Policy issues - Geographic Information Policy issues and availability of Geographic Information Geographical Information is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on earth. The major components of a GI are: a user interface; system/database management capabilities; database creation/data entry capacity; spatial data manipulation and analysis packages; and display/product generation functions. GIS technology integrates, via the Internet, common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps. These abilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning strategies Public Sector:- Defense: The rapid development of technology has led to advancements that have had a direct impact on the improvement of our military. Weapons have become more effective and the use of satellite imagery has helped reduce the amount of lives lost during conventional warfare Banking and insurance Companies: GI technology provides financial users with insight about their customer's purchasing habits, financial behavior, and needs for additional products or services. As a result, banks are able to target their best prospects and not misdirect marketing and advertising resources. Power (Electricity Sector): GI can effectively manage information on the distribution of electricity to customers and information describing the attributes of each customer such as location and electricity use. It makes information easily updatable and accurate and hence can cater to the needs of maintaining large power infrastructure Police: In today’s world when there is so much crime all around and police forces need to be very efficient, GI help police department to plan and keep an eye on the crime & criminals. It helps to manage, number of Police Personnel required, starting point for each team / person while on patrolling, direction and length of path for each team. Telecom: GI systems within Telecom utilities can provide facilities for fault tracking, customer care, Planning and efficient management of a large distributive network and more importantly provide a framework for better integration and analysis of relevant facility information derived from several sources in graphics environment. Commercial Sector: Retail market and Distribution: It provides real world picture like which areas of the city are more than 2 km from any shop selling my products? How many households does a particular shop serve? What is average household income in the areas that this shop serves? What route should my distribution trucks take to minimize delivery cost and time? Policy issues - Geographic Information :: science Policy issues - Geographic Information Policy issues and availability of Geographic Information Geographical Information is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on earth. The major components of a GI are: a user interface; system/database management capabilities; database creation/data entry capacity; spatial data manipulation and analysis packages; and display/product generation functions. GIS technology integrates, via the Internet, common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps. These abilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning strategies Public Sector:- Defense: The rapid development of technology has led to advancements that have had a direct impact on the improvement of our military. Weapons have become more effective and the use of satellite imagery has helped reduce the amount of lives lost during conventional warfare Banking and insurance Companies: GI technology provides financial users with insight about their customer's purchasing habits, financial behavior, and needs for additional products or services. As a result, banks are able to target their best prospects and not misdirect marketing and advertising resources. Power (Electricity Sector): GI can effectively manage information on the distribution of electricity to customers and information describing the attributes of each customer such as location and electricity use. It makes information easily updatable and accurate and hence can cater to the needs of maintaining large power infrastructure Police: In today’s world when there is so much crime all around and police forces need to be very efficient, GI help police department to plan and keep an eye on the crime & criminals. It helps to manage, number of Police Personnel required, starting point for each team / person while on patrolling, direction and length of path for each team. Telecom: GI systems within Telecom utilities can provide facilities for fault tracking, customer care, Planning and efficient management of a large distributive network and more importantly provide a framework for better integration and analysis of relevant facility information derived from several sources in graphics environment. Commercial Sector: Retail market and Distribution: It provides real world picture like which areas of the city are more than 2 km from any shop selling my products? How many households does a particular shop serve? What is average household income in the areas that this shop serves? What route should my distribution trucks take to minimize delivery cost and time?

Shellac 1000 Hurts

All good things come in threes. And so the albums of Shellac – the third one is a good thing. Since 1994, when the band was formed by Steve Albini with bassist Tom Weston and drummer Todd Trainer, â€Å"1000 Hurts† is the third album confirming the status of Shellac as an original, purposefully mean-spirited band.Albini, as some sort of an underground God, his band and their album did not need any promotion on the radio or TV, there were no interviews, no free copies for the press. 1000 Hurts is Shellac’s third and by far best album, which again and again let us enjoy Albini’s guitar pirouettes and his lunatic screaming voice, Trainer’s beating the hell out of his drums, and Weston’s unmatched bass tone.In this album one will find a number of new elements which were not heard from Shellac yet: the radio in â€Å"QRT†, Todd’s singing in â€Å"New Number One† or â€Å"Guitarsolo† in â€Å"Canaveral†. But as St eve Albini says: these all this new stuff was not planned, but this is something they just came up with accidentally. May be it is hard to believe that the two monsters of the music producing (Albini and Weston) did not plan anything to make this album really good in terms of commercial success of the album. But these guys do it for fun.What also makes this album different is the quality of the songwriting. It’s not a case of clinging to the verse chorus verse structure so much as an adherence to melody. â€Å"Song Against Itself† employs Shellac’s trademark meaty riffage, but it also incorporates its most melodic vocals yet. The riffs seem even more memorable this time- to the point where you would possibly hum them later. It is impossible to hum their older songs like â€Å"Doris† or â€Å"House Full Of Garbage†.The songwriting has polarized from the easily accessible rock and roll The songs on this album switch gears from straightforward 4/4 tim e rock to bizarre arrangements/time changes more quickly and at greater extremes than their past releases. To make the contrast even more blatant, the straightforward parts are very straightforward, and the crazy parts are even more crazy.The emotional content of lyrics has remained the same, just like Albini himself: mean and sarcastic. â€Å"Prayer To God† is an hysterical plea, in which Albini asks â€Å"the one true God above† to kill two people for him. The tone of his prayer is dripping with sarcasm but the point is simple enough: â€Å"her, she can go quietly by disease or a blow/to the base of her neck where her necklaces close/where her garments come together/where I used to lay my face/that’s where you ought to kill her/in that particular place.†The music rises to meet his anger. â€Å"Squirrel Song† is a â€Å"sad fucking song† that showcases Shellac’s incredible rhythmic precision. â€Å"Song Against Itself† starts out sounding almost as straightforward as pop punk, while â€Å"Mama Gina† starts with a dissonant melody being played over a slow rhythm section which then fades out to bass pulses and guitar beeps with Steve singing/talking about a woman who likes to dance.Shellac hasn’t lost an ounce of its brutality. Pounding rhythms, sharp but sparse guitars, and repetitive bass lines bust through the speakers with exquisite production. The songs and recording on 1000 Hurts don't deviate from the sound of their other releases so much as to shock the listener. The disk doesn't really break any new ground – like its predecessors, it's a collection of angular guitar lines, hypnotically repetitive rhythms, oddball time signatures, noise-rock squalls and twisted lyrics.Frankly, it's just nice to hear a record that you know was written without even the slightest thought for commercial potential, marketing or playlists. 1000 Hurts shows Shellac in prime form who seems to have real ized that 12-minute rock songs don't rock. This record's longest track, â€Å"Mama Gina,† clocks in at an appropriate 5:44, long enough to fully flesh out the song, but not so long that the groove gets tired.

Definition And Definition Of Context Essay - 1721 Words

Theoretical Framework 3.1. The Definition of context In linguistics, different scholars own different ideas on the context. According to Oxford Advanced English-Chinese Dictionary: 1) the words that come just before and after a word,phrase or statement and help you to understand its meaning. 2) the situation in which something happens and that helps you to understand it(2004,p.361). The first meaning can be classified as linguistic context used in a narrow sense. And the second meaning can be classified as non-linguistic context used in a broad sense. When talking about â€Å"context†, we must have a talk about Malinowski. Because he first came up with an idea of â€Å"context† and made a huge contribution to the development of modern social anthropology. He gave a specific description on the difference between context of culture and the context of situation. He figured out that the context of culture based on the social and cultural background. And one language must be deep-rooted in a given culture; conversely, the social culture is unavoidably reflected by language. The language and culture share a close relation each other. They interact and cooperated with each other. He took a notice of the extra-linguistic factors but ignore the inter-linguistic factors. â€Å"Context can be defined as the surroundings, in the broad sense, which helps the communicators to interact with each other intelligible.† (Mey, 1993) From the definition given by Mey, we can find that Mey shares a similarShow MoreRelatedClinical Definition Of Clinical Context1618 Words   |  7 PagesClinical Context Patient, JD, is a 50-year-old Caucasian male with a past medical history of polysubstance abuse who presented to outside hospital with shortness of breath and chest pain who developed cardiogenic shock complicated by shock liver and renal failure and was transferred to Henry Ford Hospital for elevation of care. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) upon arrival. While in the ICU, patient developed a fever with leukocytosis and patchy infiltrate on CXR and wasRead MoreBy Definition, â€Å"Power† In This Context Refers â€Å"To The Capacity1376 Words   |  6 PagesBy definition, â€Å"power† in this context refers â€Å"to the capacity or ability to direct or influence the behaviour of others or the course of events.† (The Oxford English Dictionary.   11th ed. 2008. Print.) I will be investigating the theme of ‘power’ in the film ‘Cats Dogs’ (2001), specifically the scene where Mr Tinkles has a meeting with his em ployees. 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How can we consider the use of BIM to be efficient and effective (Useful beneficial) in project management? Why is BIM effective and efficient in construction project management? Are there any unique features that give BIM advantages (effectivenessRead MoreThe Theory Of Moral Realism1720 Words   |  7 Pagesterms. In this paper, I will present and describe Moore’s view of intrinsic good and the naturalistic fallacy. I will then argue that this definition of good and the use of the naturalistic fallacy against reductive definitions of good is too abstract and subjective itself to have any useful ethical value. I will also suggest that and that the naturalistic definitions of good are not only what we experience, but the only reasonable way to determine good and correct action. 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Over time words lose their meaning, the word disabled have changed many times through generations, before it was the word most people use today. Over time it has changed to give it a less â€Å"harsh† definition. Before it was disabled like now, it was or